Almazan, E. P. (Speaker). (2017). An introduction to secondary data analysis [Streaming video]. Retrieved from SAGE Research Methods. https:
"Data are commonly understood to be the raw material produced by abstracting the world into categories, measures and other representational forms – numbers, characters, symbols, images, sounds, electromagnetic waves, bits – that constitute the building blocks from which information and knowledge are created. Data are usually representative in nature (e.g., measurements of a phenomena, such as a person's age, height, weight, colour, blood pressure, opinion, habits, location, etc.), but can also be implied (e.g., through an absence rather than presence) or derived (e.g., data that are produced from other data, such as percentage change over time calculated by comparing data from two time periods), and can be either recorded and stored in analogue form or encoded in digital form as bits (binary digits)."
Conceptualising data. (2014). In Kitchin, R. The data revolution: Big data, open data, data infrastructures & their consequences (pp. 1-26). London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781473909472
"A statistic is simply a numerical summary of the sample data. For example, data analysts often use familiar sample statistics such as sample means, sample variances and standard deviation, sample percentiles and medians, and so on to summarize the samples of quantitative data. For samples of categorical data, sample proportions, percentages, and ratios are typical sample statistics that can be utilized to summarize the data. In short, a statistic is simply a summary quantity that is calculated from a sample of data."
Lewis-Beck, M. S., Bryman, A., & Futing Liao, T. (2004). The SAGE encyclopedia of social science research methods Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. doi: 10.4135/9781412950589
Ideal for those looking for pro and con arguments on a wide variety of contemporary social issues. Includes the opposing viewpoints series as well as links to reference materials, statistics, selected magazine and newspaper articles, images and more.
Provides comprehensive and updated information on China's economic development and census data at national, provincial, city, county, and even township levels. Includes the following databases: (1) China Statistical Databases; (2) China Census Databases; and (3) China Spatial Data Service (China Geo-Explorer).
CHINA STATISTICAL DATABASES provide comprehensive and updated information on China's economic development at national, provincial, city, county, and industrial levels, which include the following databases: (1) Monthly Statistics - provides the monthly macroeconomic statistics at national, provincial and city levels from 1998 to current; (2) National Statistics - provides statistical data of China from 1949 to current; (3) Provincial Statistics -provides the statistical data of all provinces from 1949 to current; (4) City Statistics - provides yearly statistics of prefecture and county level cities from 1996; (5) County Statistics - provides the yearly county statistics from 1997; (6) Industrial Statistics - provides monthly and yearly statistics by industries from 1999; (7) Statistics on Map; and (8) Statistical Datasheets; (8) Statistical Charts.
CHINA CENSUS DATABASES (subscription to China Statistical Database required) provide a unique data collection of various Census data at province, city, county and township levels of Mainland China, which include: (1) Industrial Census Data; (2) Basic Unit Census Data; (3) Economic Census Data; (4) Agricultural Census Data; (5) Population Census and Survey Data; and (6) Census Maps.
CHINA SPATIAL DATA SERVICE (China Geo-Explorer) provides easy access to many time-saving, easy-to-use, and pre-formatted summary, comparison and rank reports and maps, and allows users to quickly retrieve information for any area of Mainland China, which includes: Unlimited access to demographic and business data, maps and reports for Mainland China at various administrative levels; Efficient data integration for spatial and non-spatial data (custom radii, administrative units, spatial boundaries); Quick and accurate location analysis and spatial assessment; Identify spatial patterns and trends; Generate time-saving, easy-to-use, and customized reports; Dynamic charts, tables and maps; Export to PDF, Excel, Word, or Shape files. For an online demonstration, please visit http://china-data-online.com.
A comparison table for data coverage by China Statistical Data Online, Census Data Online and China Geo-Explorer can be found at http://chinadatacenter.net/Files/FeaturedData/Cpmparison_Statistics_Census_CGE.xlsx.